Chemistry I
9/30/2015
Out Of The Frying Pan And Into The Flame
With Partners Fabiana Byles and Sophie Horn
Procedure:
Light the Bunsen Burner for each station as follows:
1.Make sure the tube for the Bunsen Burner is hooked up to the gas and away from anything it could get caught on.
2. Turn on the gas. After it is on, use the striker to create sparks which will then create a flame.
3. Adjust the flame until it resembles to cones on top of each other, the first being a lighter blue color underneath a darker blue flame.
4. Using the tongs, pick up one of the wooden sticks from the beaker of water (that should be labeled "clean" and place the tip in the substance that is being tested.
5. After some of the substance is on the wooden stick, use the tongs to place the stick with substance over the flame.
6. Record the observations that can be made.
7. Turn off the Bunsen Burner and place the used stick in a second beaker of water labeled "used"
Hypothesis:
I think that the flame test must be used to determine the presence of elements in a compound. Certain elements present in a compound will give the flames distinctive colors.
Background:
Hypothesis:
I think that the flame test must be used to determine the presence of elements in a compound. Certain elements present in a compound will give the flames distinctive colors.
Background:
Bohr was a physicist and came up with the Bohr theory in which he stated that high energy electrons can jump from their place in the orbit of an atom but as the electron falls back down, it emits a colored wavelength. This is what we see during the flame test lab. The metal atoms are responsible for the particular color of a compound.
Materials:
1. Sodium Carbonate
2. Copper (II) Chloride
3. Strontium Chloride
4. Potassium Chloride
5. Sodium Chloride
6. Copper Nitrate
7. Sodium Nitrate
8. Strontium Nitrate
9. Copper
10. Copper (II) Sulfate
11. Potassium Nitrate
12. Pennies
13. Bunsen Burners.
14. Gas, to light the Bunsen burners with and a tube to carry the gas to the Bunsen burner.
Safety:
Wear goggles while performing the experiment
-Sodium Carbonate: Do not inhale as it can cause coughing a soreness of throat. Can cause redness in skin if coming into contact with.
-Copper (II) Chloride: Avoid contact with Copper (II) Chloride as it can cause irritation of the skin. Avoid inhaling the chemical. Inhalation can cause a burning sensation in the throat (N. A. Copper Chloride.).
-Strontium Chloride: Can cause damage to the respiratory tract if inhaled. Can be irritating if making direct contact with skin (N. A.Strontium Chloride.)
-Potassium Chloride: Is poisonous if ingested. Avoid direct contact with skin and lungs do not inhale as irritation can occur (N.A. Potassium Chloride).
-Sodium Chloride: Can possibly cause irritation of the skin, eyes and can cause irritation if inhaled (N.A. Material Safety Data Sheet: Sodium Chloride)..
-Copper Nitrate: Can cause severe irritation of the skin and eyes and can cause severe and very serious problems to the lungs if inhaled (N.A. Material Safety Data Sheet: Copper II Nitrate).
-Sodium Nitrate: Can be cause sever irritation if Sodium Nitrate comes into contact with eyes, skin and can be fatal if inhaled ( N.A. Material Safety Data Sheet: Sodium Nitrate. ) .
-Strontium Nitrate: Can potentially cause dermatitis and other skin irritation. Can cause severe damage to the eye and is extremely harmful if inhaled (mostly mental) (N.A. Strontrium Nitrate).
-Copper: Can cause pain if ingested or inhaled. Can cause redness if in contact with skin or eyes (Centers for Disease and Control.).
-Copper (II) Sulfate: Can Cause sensitization and other irritations to the skin. Can be very harmful if coming into contact with the eyes. Extremely harmful if swallowed or inhaled (N.A.Material Safety Data Sheet: Copper II Sulfate).
-Potassium Nitrate: Is not highly dangerous to the skin. However, can cause eye problems and is dangerous if inhaled ( N.A. Material Safety Data Sheet: Potassium Nitrate).
Pennies: Virtually harmless. Do not swallow.
Data:
Orange Flame: Sodium Carbonate, Sodium Chloride, Sodium Nitrate,
Green Flame: Copper (II) Chloride, Copper Nitrate, Copper, Copper (II) Sulfate, Pennies.
Red Flame: Strontium Chloride, Strontium Nitrate.
Lilac/ Light Pink: Potassium Chloride, Potassium Nitrate.
Analysis:
1.) Among the groups, I noticed that the color of the flame depends upon what the metal element in the compound is.
2.) Potassium Chloride would be a lilac to light pink color.
3.) The color of the flame depends upon which metal is present in the compound. For the compounds involve copper, all of the flames were green.
Conclusion:
The previously stated hypothesis was proved correct by the experiment. The color of the flame did depend upon what elements were present in the compound.
Discussion of Error:
Holding the wooden stick (that was holding the substance) over the flame and also avoiding lighting the wooden stick on fire was quite difficult. At first, we thought many of the compounds were orange but then our group realized the orange flame was just the wooden stick lighting on fire.
Questions:
1.) The flame is producing multiple colors of light but what the naked human eye can see is only the blend of these colors. So the green flame was actually many more colors than just green but we can only see the average of colors (green, in this case).
2.) The color varies on how far the electrons in the atom move out of place and when they return to their proper placement in the orbit. This determines what wavelength the electron will admit.
Citations:
Centers for Disease and Control. (July, 1 2014). Copper. Retrieved From: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ipcsneng/neng0240.html
N.A. (2015). Copper Chloride. ESPI Metals. Retrieved from: http://www.espimetals.com/index.php/msds/536-copper-chloride
N.A. (2015). Strontium Chloride. ESPI Metals. Retrieved From:http://www.espimetals.com/index.php/msds/722-strontium-chloride
N.A. (2015). Potassium Chloride. ESPI Metals. Retrieved From: http://www.espimetals.com/index.php/msds/230-potassium-chloride
N.A. (2015). Strontium Nitrate. ESPI Metals. Retrieved From: http://www.espimetals.com/index.php/msds/724-strontium-nitrate
N.A. (8/14/2001). Material Safety Data Sheet: Sodium Chloride. Retrieved From: http://avogadro.chem.iastate.edu/MSDS/NaCl.htm
N.A. (8/14/2001). Material Safety Data Sheet: Copper II Nitrate. Retrieved From: http://avogadro.chem.iastate.edu/MSDS/Cu(NO3)2-2.5H2O.htm
N.A. (8/14/2001). Material Safety Data Sheet: Sodium Nitrate. Retrieved From:
http://avogadro.chem.iastate.edu/MSDS/NaNO3.htm
N.A. (8/14/2001) Material Safety Data Sheet: Copper II Sulfate. Retrieved From: http://avogadro.chem.iastate.edu/MSDS/CuSO4-5H2O.htm
N.A. (8/14/2001) Material Safety Data Sheet: Potassium Nitrate. Retrieved From: http://avogadro.chem.iastate.edu/MSDS/KNO3.htm
Joshua M. Paiz, Elizabeth Angeli, Jodi Wagner, Elena Lawrick, Kristen Moore, Michael Anderson, Lars Soderlund, Allen Brizee, Russell Keck (2015-03-27). Purdue Owl. Retrieved From: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/10/
Materials:
1. Sodium Carbonate
2. Copper (II) Chloride
3. Strontium Chloride
4. Potassium Chloride
5. Sodium Chloride
6. Copper Nitrate
7. Sodium Nitrate
8. Strontium Nitrate
9. Copper
10. Copper (II) Sulfate
11. Potassium Nitrate
12. Pennies
13. Bunsen Burners.
14. Gas, to light the Bunsen burners with and a tube to carry the gas to the Bunsen burner.
Safety:
Wear goggles while performing the experiment
-Sodium Carbonate: Do not inhale as it can cause coughing a soreness of throat. Can cause redness in skin if coming into contact with.
-Copper (II) Chloride: Avoid contact with Copper (II) Chloride as it can cause irritation of the skin. Avoid inhaling the chemical. Inhalation can cause a burning sensation in the throat (N. A. Copper Chloride.).
-Strontium Chloride: Can cause damage to the respiratory tract if inhaled. Can be irritating if making direct contact with skin (N. A.Strontium Chloride.)
-Potassium Chloride: Is poisonous if ingested. Avoid direct contact with skin and lungs do not inhale as irritation can occur (N.A. Potassium Chloride).
-Sodium Chloride: Can possibly cause irritation of the skin, eyes and can cause irritation if inhaled (N.A. Material Safety Data Sheet: Sodium Chloride)..
-Copper Nitrate: Can cause severe irritation of the skin and eyes and can cause severe and very serious problems to the lungs if inhaled (N.A. Material Safety Data Sheet: Copper II Nitrate).
-Sodium Nitrate: Can be cause sever irritation if Sodium Nitrate comes into contact with eyes, skin and can be fatal if inhaled ( N.A. Material Safety Data Sheet: Sodium Nitrate. ) .
-Strontium Nitrate: Can potentially cause dermatitis and other skin irritation. Can cause severe damage to the eye and is extremely harmful if inhaled (mostly mental) (N.A. Strontrium Nitrate).
-Copper: Can cause pain if ingested or inhaled. Can cause redness if in contact with skin or eyes (Centers for Disease and Control.).
-Copper (II) Sulfate: Can Cause sensitization and other irritations to the skin. Can be very harmful if coming into contact with the eyes. Extremely harmful if swallowed or inhaled (N.A.Material Safety Data Sheet: Copper II Sulfate).
-Potassium Nitrate: Is not highly dangerous to the skin. However, can cause eye problems and is dangerous if inhaled ( N.A. Material Safety Data Sheet: Potassium Nitrate).
Pennies: Virtually harmless. Do not swallow.
Data:
Orange Flame: Sodium Carbonate, Sodium Chloride, Sodium Nitrate,
Green Flame: Copper (II) Chloride, Copper Nitrate, Copper, Copper (II) Sulfate, Pennies.
Red Flame: Strontium Chloride, Strontium Nitrate.
Lilac/ Light Pink: Potassium Chloride, Potassium Nitrate.
Analysis:
1.) Among the groups, I noticed that the color of the flame depends upon what the metal element in the compound is.
2.) Potassium Chloride would be a lilac to light pink color.
3.) The color of the flame depends upon which metal is present in the compound. For the compounds involve copper, all of the flames were green.
Conclusion:
The previously stated hypothesis was proved correct by the experiment. The color of the flame did depend upon what elements were present in the compound.
Discussion of Error:
Holding the wooden stick (that was holding the substance) over the flame and also avoiding lighting the wooden stick on fire was quite difficult. At first, we thought many of the compounds were orange but then our group realized the orange flame was just the wooden stick lighting on fire.
Questions:
1.) The flame is producing multiple colors of light but what the naked human eye can see is only the blend of these colors. So the green flame was actually many more colors than just green but we can only see the average of colors (green, in this case).
2.) The color varies on how far the electrons in the atom move out of place and when they return to their proper placement in the orbit. This determines what wavelength the electron will admit.
Citations:
Centers for Disease and Control. (July, 1 2014). Copper. Retrieved From: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ipcsneng/neng0240.html
N.A. (2015). Copper Chloride. ESPI Metals. Retrieved from: http://www.espimetals.com/index.php/msds/536-copper-chloride
N.A. (2015). Strontium Chloride. ESPI Metals. Retrieved From:http://www.espimetals.com/index.php/msds/722-strontium-chloride
N.A. (2015). Potassium Chloride. ESPI Metals. Retrieved From: http://www.espimetals.com/index.php/msds/230-potassium-chloride
N.A. (2015). Strontium Nitrate. ESPI Metals. Retrieved From: http://www.espimetals.com/index.php/msds/724-strontium-nitrate
N.A. (8/14/2001). Material Safety Data Sheet: Sodium Chloride. Retrieved From: http://avogadro.chem.iastate.edu/MSDS/NaCl.htm
N.A. (8/14/2001). Material Safety Data Sheet: Copper II Nitrate. Retrieved From: http://avogadro.chem.iastate.edu/MSDS/Cu(NO3)2-2.5H2O.htm
N.A. (8/14/2001). Material Safety Data Sheet: Sodium Nitrate. Retrieved From:
http://avogadro.chem.iastate.edu/MSDS/NaNO3.htm
N.A. (8/14/2001) Material Safety Data Sheet: Copper II Sulfate. Retrieved From: http://avogadro.chem.iastate.edu/MSDS/CuSO4-5H2O.htm
N.A. (8/14/2001) Material Safety Data Sheet: Potassium Nitrate. Retrieved From: http://avogadro.chem.iastate.edu/MSDS/KNO3.htm
Joshua M. Paiz, Elizabeth Angeli, Jodi Wagner, Elena Lawrick, Kristen Moore, Michael Anderson, Lars Soderlund, Allen Brizee, Russell Keck (2015-03-27). Purdue Owl. Retrieved From: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/10/
